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ASTM美國(guó)材料實(shí)驗(yàn)協(xié)會(huì)(American Society of Testing Materials )前身是國(guó)際材料試驗(yàn)協(xié)會(huì)（International Association for Testing Materials, IATM）。19世紀(jì)80年代，為解決采購(gòu)商與供貨商在購(gòu)銷工業(yè)材料過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的意見(jiàn)和分歧，有人提出建立技術(shù)委員會(huì)制度，由技術(shù)委員會(huì)組織各方面的代表參加技術(shù)座談會(huì)，討論解決有關(guān)材料規(guī)范、試驗(yàn)程序等方面的爭(zhēng)議問(wèn)題。ASTM是美國(guó)最老、最大的非盈利性的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體之一。經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)世紀(jì)的發(fā)展，ASTM現(xiàn)有33669個(gè)（個(gè)人和團(tuán)體）會(huì)員，其中有22396個(gè)主要委員會(huì)會(huì)員在其各個(gè)委員會(huì)中擔(dān)任技術(shù)專家工作。ASTM的技術(shù)委員會(huì)下共設(shè)有2004個(gè)技術(shù)分委員會(huì)。有105817個(gè)單位參加了ASTM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定工作，主要任務(wù)是制定材料、產(chǎn)品、系統(tǒng)、和服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域的特性和性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，試驗(yàn)方法和程序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，促進(jìn)有關(guān)知識(shí)的發(fā)展和推廣。下面是金屬疲勞與斷裂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一覽：B645-02鋁合金的平面應(yīng)變斷裂韌性試驗(yàn)Standard Practice for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum AlloysB646-04鋁合金斷裂韌性試驗(yàn)Standard Practice for Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum AlloysE6-03有關(guān)力學(xué)試驗(yàn)方法的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)術(shù)語(yǔ)Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE23-02a金屬材料切口試棒的沖擊試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic MaterialsE139-00e1金屬材料蠕度、蠕變斷裂和應(yīng)力斷裂試驗(yàn)Standard Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsE292-01材料斷裂時(shí)間的凹口張力試驗(yàn)Standard Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of MaterialsE328-02材料和結(jié)構(gòu)件的應(yīng)力松弛試驗(yàn)Standard Test Methods for Stress Relaxation Tests for Materials and StructuresE338-03高強(qiáng)度薄板材料的銳切口張力試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Method of Sharp-Notch Tension Testing of High-Strength Sheet MaterialsE340-00e1金屬和合金宏觀腐蝕的測(cè)試方法Standard Test Method for Macroetching Metals and AlloysE399-05金屬材料水平變形斷裂強(qiáng)度的測(cè)試方法Standard Test Method for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic MaterialsE436-03鐵素體鋼的墜重破裂試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic SteelsE466-96(2002)e1金屬材料上進(jìn)行的恒定振幅軸向疲勞試驗(yàn)Standard Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Constant Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic MaterialsE467-05軸向負(fù)載疲勞試驗(yàn)機(jī)中恒振幅動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)載檢驗(yàn)Standard Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dynamic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing SystemE468-90（2004）顯示金屬材料定幅疲勞試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的方法Standard Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fatigue Test Results for Metallic MaterialsE561-05R-曲線測(cè)定Standard Practice for R-Curve DeterminationE602-03圓柱形試樣的銳切口張力的試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Method for Sharp-Notch Tension Testing with Cylindrical SpecimensE604-83(2002)金屬材料的動(dòng)態(tài)斷裂試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic MaterialsE606-92(2004)e1應(yīng)變控制環(huán)疲勞試驗(yàn)Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue TestingE646-00金屬薄鋼板材料的拉伸應(yīng)變硬化指數(shù)(n值)的測(cè)試方法Standard Test Method for Tensile Strain-Hardening Exponents (n-Values) of Metallic Sheet MaterialsE647-05疲勞裂縫增大率測(cè)量用測(cè)試方法Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth RatesE739-91(2004)線性或線性化應(yīng)力壽命(S-N)和應(yīng)變壽命(e-N)疲勞數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析Standard Practice for Statistical Analysis of Linear or Linearized Stress-Life (S-N) and Strain-Life (ε-N) Fatigue DataE740-03用表面破裂張力試樣做斷裂試驗(yàn)Standard Practice for Fracture Testing with Surface-Crack Tension SpecimensE812-91(1997)高強(qiáng)度金屬材料制慢彎預(yù)裂落擺沖擊試樣的破裂強(qiáng)度的測(cè)試方法Standard Test Method for Crack Strength of Slow-Bend Precracked Charpy Specimens of High-Strength Metallic MaterialsE813-91斷裂韌性JIC測(cè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Method For JIC,A Measure Of Fracture ToughnessE992使用等效能量法確定鋼的斷裂韌度的慣例Practice for Determination of Fracture Toughness ofSteels Using Equivalent Energy MethodologyE1049-85(1997)疲勞分析的周期計(jì)數(shù)Standard Practices for Cycle Counting in Fatigue AnalysisE1152Test Method for Determining J-R Curves3E1169-02耐久性試驗(yàn)的實(shí)施Standard Guide for Conducting Ruggedness TestsE1221-96(2002)測(cè)定Kla鐵素體鋼的平面應(yīng)變,斷裂抑制,破裂韌性的試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Method for Determining Plane-Strain Crack-Arrest Fracture Toughness, KIa, of Ferritic SteelsE1290-02測(cè)量裂縫尖端開(kāi)口位移(CTOD)裂縫韌性的試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Fracture Toughness MeasurementE1304-97(2002)金屬材料平面應(yīng)變(V型槽口)斷裂韌度的測(cè)試方法(代替SAE ARP 1704)Standard Test Method for Plane-Strain (Chevron-Notch) Fracture Toughness of Metallic MaterialsE1457-00測(cè)量金屬蠕變開(kāi)裂增長(zhǎng)速度的試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Method for Measurement of Creep Crack Growth Rates in MetalsE1681-03恒定載荷下金屬材料環(huán)境促使裂紋的閾應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度系數(shù)測(cè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Method for Determining a Threshold Stress Intensity Factor for Environment-Assisted Cracking of Metallic MaterialsE1737-1996斷裂韌性J積分的表征J-INTERGRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESSE1820-01斷裂韌性測(cè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture ToughnessE1823-96(2002)疲勞和裂紋試驗(yàn)相關(guān)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)術(shù)語(yǔ)Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture TestingE1921-05測(cè)定鐵素體鋼在轉(zhuǎn)變范圍內(nèi)基準(zhǔn)溫度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)試驗(yàn)方法Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, To', for Ferritic Steels in the Transition RangeE1942-98(2004)周期性疲勞和斷裂力學(xué)試驗(yàn)中采用的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)則Standard Guide for Evaluating Data Acquisition Systems Used in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics TestingE2207-02用薄壁管狀樣本進(jìn)行張力控制軸向扭力疲勞試驗(yàn)慣例Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-Walled Tubular SpecimensE2368-04張力受控的熱機(jī)械疲勞測(cè)試慣例Standard Practice for Strain Controlledend
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